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Objective To investigate the clinical value of tumor marker combined with cytokeratin 18 and 19 in the diagnosis of malignant tumors .Methods 264 patients with malignant tumor were selected as the observation group.During the same period,136 patients with benign tumor were selected as the control group .The tumor markers, cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) levels were compared between the two groups ,and the positive detection rate of tumor markers combined with CK 18 and CK19 were analyzed .Results The serum CK18 and CK19 levels of the observation group were (25.48 ±75.14) U/L,(18.67 ±64.85)U/L,respectively,which were signifi-cantly higher than those of the control group [(0.56 ±1.52)U/L,(0.76 ±0.43)U/L],the differences were statisti-cally significant (t=17.38,15.75,all P<0.05).The serum levels of CEA,CA125,CA50,CA19-9 and TSGF of the observation group were (21.24 ±30.16) μg/L,(69.85 ±112.75) mU/L,(47.32 ±121.81) mU/L,(41.87 ± 20.65) mU/L,(91.64 ±43.84) mU/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the control group [(1.27 ±0.85) ng/mL,(15.82 ±3.87) mU/L,(12.85 ±31.65) mU/L,(6.89 ±4.85) mU/L,(38.35 ± 8.01) mU/L],the differences were statistically significant (t=15.73,16.89,14.86,17.79,16.73,all P<0.05).The positive detection rates of CK18 and CK19 for gastric cancer (66.67％) and lung cancer (77.14％) were signif-icantly higher than tumor markers ,and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =5.67,6.78,all P<0.05). The positive detection rate of tumor markers combined with CK 18 and CK19 for malignant tumors ( 75.00％) was significantly higher than CK18 and CK19 joint detection (65.91％),tumor markers (46.97％),the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =6.78,7.12,all P<0.05).Conclusion Tumor markers combined with CK18 and CK19 detection is helpful to improve the detection rate of malignant tumors and provide effective basis for following treatment.
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Objective To investigate the changes and their significance of glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) expressions in glial cells following spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats.Methods Twenty-five healthy female adult SD rats were randomly divided into control group (5 rats) and experimental group (20 rats).The contusive spinal cord injury models were prepared at T10 segment in the rats in the experimental group according to the modified Allen's method.At days 1,3,7 and 14 following SCI,five rats were sacrificed by cardiac perfusion and the spinal cord segments adjacent to the epicenter of injury were obtained at each time point after the neurological function of hind limbs was assessed using the modified Tarlov scale.Changes of GLAST and GLT-1 expressions were detected semi-quantitatively using immunofluorescence and computer image analysis system (IPP 6.0).Results (1) Single immunofluorescence:Moderate GLAST expression was found in the control group.The GLAST expression was increased slightly at day 1 after SCI,decreased progressively at days 3 and 7 after SCI,and increased slightly at day 14 after SCI.The GLAST expression in experimental group was significantly lower than those in control group at days 3,7 and 14 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).Moderate GLT-1 expression was detected in the control group.The expression of GLT-1 was increased slightly at day 1 after SCI,decreased to the lowest at day 3 after SCI,and increased slightly at days 7 and 14 after SCI.The GLT-1 expression in experimental group was significantly lower than those in control group at days 3,7 and 14 after SCI (P ＜0.05).(2) Double immunofluorescence:GLAST expression was found on astrocytes in the control group.The GLAST expression in experimental group was decreased at day 1 after SCI,further decreased progressively at days 3 and 7 after SCI,and started to recover at day 14 after SCI.The coexpressions of GLAST and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group at days 3 and 7 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of GLAST was found on microglial cells in the control group.The expression of GLAST in experimental group was increased obviously at day 1 after SCI and increased progressively at days 3-14 after SCI.The coexpressions of GLAST and OX-42 in experimental group were significantly than those in the control group at days 3,7 and 14 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Double immunofluorescence:GLT-1 expression was found on astrocytes in the control group.The GLT-1 expression was decreased at day 1 after SCI,further decreased progressively at days 3 and 7 after SCI,and started to recover at day 14 after SCI.The coexpressions of GLT-1 and GFAP were significantly lower than those in the control group at days 3 and 7 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).The GLT-1 expression was found on microglial cells in the control group.The GLT-1 expression was increased obviously at day 1 after SCI and increased progressively at days 3-14 after SCI.The coexpressions of GLT-1 and OX-42 were significantly higher than those in the control group at days 1,3,7 and 14 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 show different expression patterns in astrocytes and microglia following SCI in rats,which may be correlated with the roles of different glial cells in repair of spinal cord injury.
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Objective To investigate effects of exogenous sonic hedgehog (Shh) on proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in ependymal area and recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats.Methods Fifty-five female SD rats were involved in the study:five were selected as normal control group and fifty as Shh group (n =25) and SCI group (n =25) after being subjected to SCI at T10 segment using the modified Allen' s method according to the random number table.At 1,3,7,14,and 28 days after operation,restoration of hindlimb motor function of SD rats was assessed with modified Tarlov scale and changes of double positive cells of Brdu and Nestin with double-stained immunofluorescence.Results Tarlov scale revealed statistical difference between Shh and SCI groups since days 7 postoperatively (P ＜ 0.05).In the double-staining test,number of double positive cells of Brdu and Nestin was greater in Shh Group than in SCI Group since day 3 postoperatively [(97.20 ± 18.23) vs (72.60± 15.60),(153.60 ±25.76) vs (112.20 ±23.63),(133.80 ±21.02) vs (94.20± 18.70),(89.80 ± 15.42) vs (43.40 ± 10.62),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Exogenous Shh is conducive to the proliferation of ependymal NSCs and the recovery of motor function in SCI rats.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of monosialotetrahexosyl gangliosides ( GM-1 ) on neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats by observing the effect of GM1 on the expression and motor function of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and Choline acetyltransterase (ChAT). MethodsSixty-six adult female Wistar rats (weighing 260-300 g) were enrolled in the study and six were selected randomly as the normal control group. The rest were divided into GM1 group (group A, n =30) and normal saline control group (group B, n =30) after acute contusion injury was made at T10 level according to the improved Allen's method. At days 1,3, 7, 14 and 28 after operation, the neurological function of the low extremities was assessed with the improved Tarlov scale. Then,the rats were sacrificed to obtain the spinal cord tissues. There were six rats in each group at different time points. The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT were detected with immunohistochemistry after SCI in rats. ResultsThe improved Tarlov scale in the Group A was higher than that in the Group B after SCI since the 7th day after operation, with statistical difference at day 7, 14 and 28 after operation ( P ＜0. 05). The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT in the Group A were higher than that in the Group B after SCI ( P ＜ 0.05 ). ConclusionsThe neurological function recovery of the low extremities has some correlations with the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI in the rats. GM-1 can protect the neurons by promoting the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI.
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Objective To discuss the selection and clinical efficacy of operative methods for subaxial cervical dislocation without spinal cord injury. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 11 patients with subaxial cervical dislocation without spinal cord injury treated from January 2004 to June 2009. According to Allen' s classification, all patients suffered from retracted flexion injuries, including seven patients with Ⅰ degree dislocation, one with Ⅱ degree dislocation and three with Ⅲ degree dislocation. There were eighth patients with old dislocation and three with fresh dislocation, both of which were simple cervical trauma without other organ injuries. Open reduction, internal fixation and iliac bone graft spinal fusion were performed in seven patients and combined posterior and anterior open reduction,internal fixation and iliac bone graft spinal fusion in four. All the patients were followed up for observation of clinical effect. Results All operations were completed successfully. There were 11 patients at Frankel grade E preoperatively and 11 at grade E postoperatively. X-ray photographs showed that the sequence and curvature of the cervical spine recovered to normal after operation. All patients were followed up for 3-31 months postoperatively, which showed no redislocation or symptoms of spinal cord injury.Conclusion For lower cervical dislocation combined with locked facet, one-stage combined anterior and posterior reduction and internal fixation should be performed. While for those without locked facet, simple anterior reduction and bone graft spinal fusion is needed. Open reduction, internal fixation and bone graft spinal fusion are effective method for treatment of subaxial cervical dislocation without spinal cord injury.
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Objective To explore the effects of an acute exercise on the contractile protein degradation and 26S proteasome activity in skeletal muscle.Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,each group consisted of 6 rats.They were killed respectively at rest,immediately after half an hour of exercise(running on the treadmill at 25m/min,5% grade),and 1 hour,2h and 6h after one hour exercise.The 3-methylhistidine(3-MH)content,26S proteasome activity and C2 subunit mRNA expression in rat gastrocnemius muscle were detected.Resuits(1)3-MH content increased immediately and 6 hours after exercise,and reached its peak level immediately after half an hour of exercise(P<0.01).(2)26S proteasome activity increased immediately after half an hour of exercise and 6 hours after exercise(P<0.05).(3)Expression of 26S proteasome C2 subunit mRNA Was lower than baseline during and after exercise,but increased sharply 6 hours after exercise(P<0.01).Conclusion The increase in 26S proteasome activity regulated by subunits gene after exercise could enhance skeletal muscle contractile protein degradation
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Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of using the disposable whole laminectomy, laminoplasty and microsurgical tumor removal to treat intraspinal extramedullary benign tumors. Methods Sixty-four patients, 71 cases adult intraspinal extramedullary benign tumors were removed by the disposable whole laminectomy, laminoplasty and microsurgical tumor removal operation, all postoperative patients were followed up to observe the clinical efficacy. Results Patients with small tumors and large tumors all had a faster recovery of neurological function than preoperative, recent and long-term efficacy were all better than preoperative, and long-term efficacy was superior to short-term efficacy; Patients with giant tumors had a slow-er recovery of neurological function than preoperative, short-term efficacy was not better than preoperative, but the long-term efficacy was superior to preoperative. Conclusion The disposable whole laminectomy, laminoplasty and microsurgical tumor removal is an excellent method of treating intraspinal extramedullary be-nign tumors.
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Lamin A,which is an important skeleton protein in the cell nucleus,can play an important role in maintaining the morphological structures of the cells.This article summarizes the location of LMNA gene in the chromosome,the shape and the structum of lamin A protein;the different diseases of the body which result from the mutations and deletions of LMNA gene in different sites;the differentiation functions of myoblast in which lamin A is involved:degradation of lamin A that may be promoted by Caspase-6;theexpression of lamin Athatmay bepromoted by NFAT5.
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Objective To investigate the effects of extracellular ATP on the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in rats.Methods Twenty healthy adult rats were randomly divided into two groups after contusion injury was performed by the weight drop method at T10 with Allen impactor.Group A(ATP group) and group B(control group) each had ten rats.At days 1,3,7,14 and 28 after injury,the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in rats was assessed with modified Tarlov scores and slanting board test.Results Modified Tarlov scores and slanting board test were better in group A than in group B after spinal cord injury in rats.Significant difference was found in modified Tarlov scores and slanting board test between the two groups at days 14 and 28 after injury(P